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o Grade IVb: multiorgan dysfunction.
Grade V: death of a patient;
Suffix “d”: if the patient suffers from a complication at the time of discharge, the suffix “d” for
“disability” is added to the respective grade of complication. This label indicates the need for a fo llow-up to
fully evaluate the complication and the outcome and related long-term quality of life.
In 2013, Slankamenac et al.279 developed a comprehensive complication index that takes into account all
complications after a procedure and their respective severity. The development of this comprehensive
complication index was based on the adapted Clavien-Dindo classification system. The complications were
weighed with different severities by adopting an “operation risk index” approach.
The international development group considers that a widespread utilization of a simple, objective and
reproducible approach for comprehensive surgical outcome assessment will lead to improve patients
management. It should be easily applicable and usable by surgeons who are less experienced.
5.10.3 Summary of available scientific evidence
No directly applicable clinical studies have been identified.
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